Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Veera Ranjani ¹, N. Senthil ¹, M. Raveendran ¹, S. Vellaikumar ¹, R. Gnanam ¹, M. K. Rishi ², S. Rajasekaran ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultutal University, Coimbatore - 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This work aims to identify the metabolites present in the human Intervertebral Disc (IVD). Metabolomic analysis of human IVD tissue has not been extensively done to date. Knowledge on the metabolites present in the IVD tissue in humans is very limited and many compounds are yet to be identified. In this study, we have carried out the metabolic profiling for human IVD through Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). This is the first initial study that has compared the metabolites of control and diseased IVD. We have identified 75 different chemical compounds in IVD, and also metabolites that are unique to the diseased IVD, suggesting that some of these metabolites might play a role in disc degenerative disease.

Keywords

DDD, Human, Intervertebral Disc, Metabolite ProfilingMetabolite Profiling

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N. Anandhabhairavi ¹, M. Shanthi ¹, C. Chinniah ¹, R. Geetha ², S. Vellaikumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute (AC&RI), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural College and Research Institute (AC&RI), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural College and Research Institute (AC&RI), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Hexane extracts of certain botanicals were evaluated in the laboratory for their oral, contact, fumigant toxicity and repellent activity at 5% concentration against rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. at the Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu during 2019-2021. The results revealed that all the botanicals were effective. Considering the contact toxicity, 5% hexane extract of Mentha spicata 5% (80.00%) performed better at 72 hr after treatment. M. spicata and Vitex negundo 5% hexane extract exhibited maximum oral toxicity (90.00%). Fumigant effect was maximum in V. negundo (73.33%), M. spicata, Ocimum sanctum and Tagetes erecta flower extracts (70.00%). Ocimum sanctum (70.56%) and M. spicata (67.22%) exhibited maximum repellency. Thus, M. spicata at 5% was the most effective as contact, oral, fumigant toxicant and repellent against S. oryzae in stored maize.

Keywords

Sitophilus oryzae, Hexane Extracts, Botanicals, Contact Toxicity, Oral Toxicity, Repellency, Fumigant, Mentha spicata, Vitex negundo, Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma longa.

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R. OVIYA ¹, S. THIRUVUDAINAMBI ², V. RAMAMOORTHY ³, R. THAMIZH VENDAN ⁴, S. VELLAIKUMAR ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology,, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology., IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology ., IN
4 Department of Agricultural Microbiology ,, IN
5 Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai – 625104, Tamil Nadu, India ., IN

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae causing basal rot disease of onion is a destructive phytopathogen resulting in 30-50% yield loss and remains as a major constraint in onion productivity. The management of disease through application of fungicide is not feasible and economically viable. Hence, the present study is focused on investigation of effective Trichoderma sp. and identifying the effective volatile organic compounds produced by it against the basal rot pathogen in onion. A total of ten Trichoderma spp. were isolated from rhizospheric soil of healthy onion plants and tested against virulent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae isolate FCIM1. The Trichoderma isolate (TIM2) showed 77.40% inhibition on mycelial growth of pathogen followed by the isolate (TIV1) with 70.36% inhibition. The molecular identification of effective Trichoderma isolate through the analysis of the rDNA of Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) region revealed isolate TIM2 as Trichoderma hamatum. The GC-MS analysis of Trichoderma hamatum unravelled the important volatile organic compounds like Methyl stearate, n-Hexadecanoic, Eicosane, 9-cyclohexy, Heptadecane, Dodecane, 2-cyclohexyl, to 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-pentyl, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Tetrapentacontane, 1-Dodecanol, 2-Propenoic acid, pentadecyl ester, Benzene, (2-methylbutyl) and 1,2-Dimethyltryptamine with peak area and retention time. These bioactive compounds exert a strong antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. The scanning electron micrographs of Fusarium paired with effective Trichoderma (TIM2) showed the swollen hyphae with cell wall damage which is clear evident of antagonistic interaction of volatile compounds produced by Trichoderma hamatum.

Keywords

Dodecane, Trichoderma hamatum, Internal Transcribed Spacers, rhizospheric soil, volatile organic compound

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